Jaringan Bonding Kapital Sosial Petani Melestarikan Mekanisme Adaptasi Kolektif Petani
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Oct 4, 2022
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Abstract
Farmers community neeed collective adaptive capacity to cope with climate change. The aimed of this research was to identify and analysis the network of social capital to preserve collective adaptation mechanism. This study adopted a qualitative approach to the type of descriptive. In analysing this research, the writer used coding analytics to find out the thematic category through social capital concept. The findings indicated that the bonding network of farmer was consist of access of knowledge, collective planning mechanism of planting paddy crop and formal institution of farmer groups. The bonding network had succeeded sustaining adaptive collective mechanism due to the existence of knowledgeable farmers. Meanwhile, this collective adaptive mechanism was strengthened by social interaction between farmer`s bonding network and bridging network. This interaction effectively to build collective planning capacity based on farmers group learning.
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Wulansari, I. (2022). Jaringan Bonding Kapital Sosial Petani Melestarikan Mekanisme Adaptasi Kolektif Petani. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 8(2), 98-114. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.8.2.98-114.2022
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References
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Aldrich, Daniel P. 2017. The Importance of Social Capital in Building Community Resilience. Dalam Yan, W & Galoway, W. Eds. 2017. Rethinking Resilience, Adaptation, and Transformation in a Time of Change. Springer. pp 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50171-0_23.
Arifin, G. Hermawan, Y dan Nurhadi. 2021. Solidaritas dan Modal Sosial Pedagang Legi Surakarta Menghadapi Tantangan Pasar Modern. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.7.2.112-126.2021.
Chepkoech, W., Mungai, N.W., Stöber, S. dan Lotze-Campen, H. 2020. Understanding Adaptive Capacity of Smallholder African Indigenous Vegetable Farmers to Climate Change in Kenya. Climate Risk Management 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2019.100204.
Chung N.T., Jintrawet A. dan Promburom P. 2015. Impacts of Seasonal Climate Variability on Rice Production in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Agric Agric Sci Procedia, 5. pp 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.012.
Cofré-Bravo, G., Klerkx, L. dan Engler, A. 2019. Combinations of bonding, bridging and linking social capital for farm innovation: How farmers configure different support networks. Journal of Rural Studies, 69. pp 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.04.004.
Davidson, D. Rollins, C., Lefsrud, L., Anders, S., dan Hamann, A. 2019. Just Don`t Call It Climate Change; Climate Sceptic Farmer Adoption of Climate-Mitigative Practices. IOP Environmental Research Letters, 14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aafa30.
Dressel, S., Johansson, M., Ericsson, G., dan Sandström, C. 2020. Perceived adaptive capacity within a multi-level governance setting: The role of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital. Environmental Science and Policy, 104 (December 2019). pp 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.11.011.
Estiningtyas, Woro; Boer, Rizaldi; Las, Irsal; & Buono, Agus. 2012. Identifikasi dan Delineasi Wilayah Endemik Kekeringan Untuk Pengelolaan Risiko Iklim di Kabupaten Indramayu. Jurnal Meterorologi dan Geofisika, 13. pp 9-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v13i1.114.
Fathy, Rusydan. 2019. Modal Sosial: Konsep, Inklusivitas, dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi, 6(1). pp 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v6i1.47463.
Field, John. 2010. Modal Sosial. Bantul: Kreasi Wacana.
Folke, Carl; Hahn, Thomas; Olson, Per & Norberg, Jon. 2005. Adaptive Governance of Social-Ecological Systems. Annual Review Environment Resources, 30. pp 441-473. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511.
Gardezi, Maaz dan Arbckle, J. Gordon. 2018. Techno-Optimism and Farmer`s Attitudes Toward Climate Change Adaptation. Environment and Behavior. pp 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518793482.
Gong, Y., Li, H., Parks, M., Pang, J., dan de Fraiture, C. 2017. The Role of Social Capital for Farmer`s climate change adaptation in Lancang River Basin in China. Climatic Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2057-2.
Gusman, Ifdal. 2019. Pemanfaatan Modal Sosial Petani Ikan Pasca Tubo Balerang dalam Mendapatkan Pekerjaan Baru. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.5.1.21-34.2019.
Hall, Peter A. & Lamont, Michele. 2013. “Introduction”. Dalam Hall, Peter A. & Lamont, Michele. 2013. Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era. New York: Cambridge University.
ìzmen, ümit & Gürel, Yesim üçdogruk. 2020. The Importance of Linking Social Capital in Enequal and Fragmented Societies: an Analysis of Perceived Economic Well-being in Turkish Rural and Urban Households. The Annals of Regional Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-019-00964-5.
Hulke, C. dan Diez, J.R. 2020. Building Adaptive Capacity to External Risks Through Collective Action-Social Learning Mechanisms of Smallholders in Rural Vietnam. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101829.
Jacobs, D.B. dan Cramer, L.A. 2020. The Relationships between Social Capital and Concerns for Climate Change with Increasing Wildlife Risks in Rural Communities in Central Oregon. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 10. pp 12-30. DOI:10.1007/s13412-019-00584-7.
Jordan, J.C. 2015. Swimming alone? The Role of Social Capitan Enhancing Local Resilience to Climate Stress: A Case Study from Bangladesh. Climate and Development, 7(12). pp 110-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2014.934771.
Kopytko, N. 2018. What Role Can a Livelihood Strategy Play in Addressing Climate Change? Lessons in Improving Social Capital From an Agricultural Cooperative in Ukraine. Climate and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1442787.
Kwok, Alan H.; Doyle, Emma E.H.; Becker, Julia; Johnston, David dan Paton, Douglas. 2016. What is ‘Social Resilience’? Perspectives of Disaster Researchers, Emergency Management Practitioners and Policymakers in New Zealand. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19. pp 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.013.
Larimian, T., Sadeghi, A., Palaiologou, G., dan Schmidt III, R. 2020. Neighbourhood Social Resilience (NSR): Definition, Conceptualisation and Measurement Scale Development. Sustainability, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166363.
Lewandowski, Joseph D. 2018. Sport, Trust and Social Capital. Comparative Sociology, 17. pp 386-405. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341466.
Moore, F. C., da Lobell, D. B. 2014. The Adaptation Potential of European Agriculture in Response to Climate Change. Nature Climate Change, 4. pp 610–614. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2228.
Nelson, Donald R.; Adger, W. Neil & Brown, Katrina. 2007. Adaptation to Environmental Change: Contributions of a Resilience Framework. The Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32. pp 395-419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.32.051807.090348.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2014. Social Research Mehods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Harlow: Pearson.
Nyameknye, A.B., Dewulf, A., Van Slobbe, E. dan Termeer, K. 2018.Governance Arrangements and Adaptive Decision-makin in Rice farming Systme in Northern Ghana. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. pp 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2018.07.004.
Paul, Christopher J.; Weinthal, Erika S.; Bellemare, Marc F. dan Jeuland, Marc A. 2016. Social Capital, Trust, and Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia. Global Environmental Change, 36. pp 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.12.003
Partelow, S. 2021. Social Capital and Community Disaster Resilience: Post-Earthquake Tourism Recovery on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. Sustainability Science, 16. pp 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00854-2
Pauwelussen, A. 2016. Community as Network: Exploring A Relational Approach to Social Resilience in Coastal Indonesia. Maritime Studies, 15. pp 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-016-0041-5.
Pelling, Mark. 2011. Adaptation to Climate Change From Resilience to Transformation. New York: Routledge.
Putnam, Robert D. 1995. Bowling Alone: America`s Declining Social Capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62397-6_12.
Rustinsyah, T. 2015. Social Capital and Implementation of Subsidized Fertilizer Programme for Small Farmers: A Case Study in Rural Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Rural Management, 11(1). pp 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005215572730.
Sagala, Saut; Asirin; Intania Rahma Sani dan Alpian Angga Pratama. 2014. Tindakan Penyesuaian Petani Terhadap Dampak Perubahan Iklim: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Indramayu. Resilience Development Initiative Working Paper Series No. 6. https://www.rdi.or.id/storage/files/publication/6.pdf
Saja, A.M.A., Teo, M dan Goonetilleke, A. 2020. Selection of Surrogates to Assess Social Resilience in Disaster Management Using Multi-criteria Decision Analysis. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(4). pp 453-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2019-0045.
Saptutyningsih, E., Diswandi, D., dan Jaung, W. 2020. Does social capital matter in climate change adaptation? A lesson from agricultural sector in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 95 (August). pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104189.
Stigter, Kees; Winarto, Yunita T.; Ofori, Emmanuel; Zuma-Netshiukhwi, Gugulethu ; Nanja, Durton dan Walker, Sue. 2013. Extension Agrometeorology as the Answer to Stakeholder Realities: Response Farming and the Consequences of Climate Change. Atmosphere, 4. pp 237-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos4030237
Syaukat, Yusman. 2011. The Impact of Climate Change on Food Production and Security and Its Adaptation Programs in Indonesia. ISSAAS, 17. pp 40-51. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/56692.
Van de Berg, Henk; Katelaar, Jan Willem; Marcel, Dicke dan Marjon, Fredrix. 2020. Is the Farmer Field School Still Relevant? Case Studies From Malawi and Indonesia. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Social Life Sciences, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2020.100329.
Vertigans, S. dan Gibson, N. 2019. Resilience and Social Cohesion Through the Rens of Residents in A Kenyan Informal Settlement. Community Development Journal. pp 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsz012.
Westengen, Ola T dan Brysting, Anne K. 2014. Crop Adaptation to Climate Change in the Semi-arid Zone in Tanzania: The Role of Genetic Resources and Sees Systems. Agriculture & Food Security. Melalui https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2048-7010-3-3.
Winarto, Yunita T & Stigter, Kees. 2013. Science Field Shops to Reduce Climate Change Vulnerabilities: An Inter- and Trans-Disciplinary Education Commitment. Collaborative Anthropologies, 6. pp 419-441. https://doi.org/10.1353/cla.2013.0003.
Winarto, Yunita T.; Walker, Sue; Ariefiansyah, Rhino; Prihandiani, Adlianur F.; Taqiuddin, Mohamad & Nugroho, Zefanya C. 2018. Institutionalizing Science Field Shops: Developing Response Farming to Climate Change. GACSA (Global Alliance fo Climate-Smart Agriculture). https://www.fao.org/3/I8454EN/i8454en.pdf.
Woolcock, M. 1998. Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoritical Synthesis and Policy Framework. Theory & Society, 27. pp 151-208. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006884930135.
Yuliawan, T., Handoko, I., 2016. The Effect of the Temperature Rise to Rice Crop Yield in Indonesia Uses Shierary Rice Model with Geographical Information System (GIS) Feature. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33. pp 214-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.072.
Zhai, S. yan, Song, G. xin, Qin, Y. chen, Ye, X. yue, dan Leipnik, M. 2018. Climate Change and Chinese Farmers: Perceptions and Determinants of Adaptive Strategies. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(4). pp 949–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61753-2.
Aldrich, Daniel P. 2017. The Importance of Social Capital in Building Community Resilience. Dalam Yan, W & Galoway, W. Eds. 2017. Rethinking Resilience, Adaptation, and Transformation in a Time of Change. Springer. pp 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50171-0_23.
Arifin, G. Hermawan, Y dan Nurhadi. 2021. Solidaritas dan Modal Sosial Pedagang Legi Surakarta Menghadapi Tantangan Pasar Modern. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.7.2.112-126.2021.
Chepkoech, W., Mungai, N.W., Stöber, S. dan Lotze-Campen, H. 2020. Understanding Adaptive Capacity of Smallholder African Indigenous Vegetable Farmers to Climate Change in Kenya. Climate Risk Management 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2019.100204.
Chung N.T., Jintrawet A. dan Promburom P. 2015. Impacts of Seasonal Climate Variability on Rice Production in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Agric Agric Sci Procedia, 5. pp 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.012.
Cofré-Bravo, G., Klerkx, L. dan Engler, A. 2019. Combinations of bonding, bridging and linking social capital for farm innovation: How farmers configure different support networks. Journal of Rural Studies, 69. pp 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.04.004.
Davidson, D. Rollins, C., Lefsrud, L., Anders, S., dan Hamann, A. 2019. Just Don`t Call It Climate Change; Climate Sceptic Farmer Adoption of Climate-Mitigative Practices. IOP Environmental Research Letters, 14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aafa30.
Dressel, S., Johansson, M., Ericsson, G., dan Sandström, C. 2020. Perceived adaptive capacity within a multi-level governance setting: The role of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital. Environmental Science and Policy, 104 (December 2019). pp 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.11.011.
Estiningtyas, Woro; Boer, Rizaldi; Las, Irsal; & Buono, Agus. 2012. Identifikasi dan Delineasi Wilayah Endemik Kekeringan Untuk Pengelolaan Risiko Iklim di Kabupaten Indramayu. Jurnal Meterorologi dan Geofisika, 13. pp 9-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v13i1.114.
Fathy, Rusydan. 2019. Modal Sosial: Konsep, Inklusivitas, dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi, 6(1). pp 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v6i1.47463.
Field, John. 2010. Modal Sosial. Bantul: Kreasi Wacana.
Folke, Carl; Hahn, Thomas; Olson, Per & Norberg, Jon. 2005. Adaptive Governance of Social-Ecological Systems. Annual Review Environment Resources, 30. pp 441-473. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511.
Gardezi, Maaz dan Arbckle, J. Gordon. 2018. Techno-Optimism and Farmer`s Attitudes Toward Climate Change Adaptation. Environment and Behavior. pp 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518793482.
Gong, Y., Li, H., Parks, M., Pang, J., dan de Fraiture, C. 2017. The Role of Social Capital for Farmer`s climate change adaptation in Lancang River Basin in China. Climatic Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2057-2.
Gusman, Ifdal. 2019. Pemanfaatan Modal Sosial Petani Ikan Pasca Tubo Balerang dalam Mendapatkan Pekerjaan Baru. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.25077/jsa.5.1.21-34.2019.
Hall, Peter A. & Lamont, Michele. 2013. “Introduction”. Dalam Hall, Peter A. & Lamont, Michele. 2013. Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era. New York: Cambridge University.
ìzmen, ümit & Gürel, Yesim üçdogruk. 2020. The Importance of Linking Social Capital in Enequal and Fragmented Societies: an Analysis of Perceived Economic Well-being in Turkish Rural and Urban Households. The Annals of Regional Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-019-00964-5.
Hulke, C. dan Diez, J.R. 2020. Building Adaptive Capacity to External Risks Through Collective Action-Social Learning Mechanisms of Smallholders in Rural Vietnam. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101829.
Jacobs, D.B. dan Cramer, L.A. 2020. The Relationships between Social Capital and Concerns for Climate Change with Increasing Wildlife Risks in Rural Communities in Central Oregon. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 10. pp 12-30. DOI:10.1007/s13412-019-00584-7.
Jordan, J.C. 2015. Swimming alone? The Role of Social Capitan Enhancing Local Resilience to Climate Stress: A Case Study from Bangladesh. Climate and Development, 7(12). pp 110-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2014.934771.
Kopytko, N. 2018. What Role Can a Livelihood Strategy Play in Addressing Climate Change? Lessons in Improving Social Capital From an Agricultural Cooperative in Ukraine. Climate and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1442787.
Kwok, Alan H.; Doyle, Emma E.H.; Becker, Julia; Johnston, David dan Paton, Douglas. 2016. What is ‘Social Resilience’? Perspectives of Disaster Researchers, Emergency Management Practitioners and Policymakers in New Zealand. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19. pp 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.013.
Larimian, T., Sadeghi, A., Palaiologou, G., dan Schmidt III, R. 2020. Neighbourhood Social Resilience (NSR): Definition, Conceptualisation and Measurement Scale Development. Sustainability, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166363.
Lewandowski, Joseph D. 2018. Sport, Trust and Social Capital. Comparative Sociology, 17. pp 386-405. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341466.
Moore, F. C., da Lobell, D. B. 2014. The Adaptation Potential of European Agriculture in Response to Climate Change. Nature Climate Change, 4. pp 610–614. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2228.
Nelson, Donald R.; Adger, W. Neil & Brown, Katrina. 2007. Adaptation to Environmental Change: Contributions of a Resilience Framework. The Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32. pp 395-419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.32.051807.090348.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2014. Social Research Mehods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Harlow: Pearson.
Nyameknye, A.B., Dewulf, A., Van Slobbe, E. dan Termeer, K. 2018.Governance Arrangements and Adaptive Decision-makin in Rice farming Systme in Northern Ghana. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. pp 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2018.07.004.
Paul, Christopher J.; Weinthal, Erika S.; Bellemare, Marc F. dan Jeuland, Marc A. 2016. Social Capital, Trust, and Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia. Global Environmental Change, 36. pp 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.12.003
Partelow, S. 2021. Social Capital and Community Disaster Resilience: Post-Earthquake Tourism Recovery on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. Sustainability Science, 16. pp 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00854-2
Pauwelussen, A. 2016. Community as Network: Exploring A Relational Approach to Social Resilience in Coastal Indonesia. Maritime Studies, 15. pp 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-016-0041-5.
Pelling, Mark. 2011. Adaptation to Climate Change From Resilience to Transformation. New York: Routledge.
Putnam, Robert D. 1995. Bowling Alone: America`s Declining Social Capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62397-6_12.
Rustinsyah, T. 2015. Social Capital and Implementation of Subsidized Fertilizer Programme for Small Farmers: A Case Study in Rural Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Rural Management, 11(1). pp 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005215572730.
Sagala, Saut; Asirin; Intania Rahma Sani dan Alpian Angga Pratama. 2014. Tindakan Penyesuaian Petani Terhadap Dampak Perubahan Iklim: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Indramayu. Resilience Development Initiative Working Paper Series No. 6. https://www.rdi.or.id/storage/files/publication/6.pdf
Saja, A.M.A., Teo, M dan Goonetilleke, A. 2020. Selection of Surrogates to Assess Social Resilience in Disaster Management Using Multi-criteria Decision Analysis. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(4). pp 453-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-07-2019-0045.
Saptutyningsih, E., Diswandi, D., dan Jaung, W. 2020. Does social capital matter in climate change adaptation? A lesson from agricultural sector in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 95 (August). pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104189.
Stigter, Kees; Winarto, Yunita T.; Ofori, Emmanuel; Zuma-Netshiukhwi, Gugulethu ; Nanja, Durton dan Walker, Sue. 2013. Extension Agrometeorology as the Answer to Stakeholder Realities: Response Farming and the Consequences of Climate Change. Atmosphere, 4. pp 237-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos4030237
Syaukat, Yusman. 2011. The Impact of Climate Change on Food Production and Security and Its Adaptation Programs in Indonesia. ISSAAS, 17. pp 40-51. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/56692.
Van de Berg, Henk; Katelaar, Jan Willem; Marcel, Dicke dan Marjon, Fredrix. 2020. Is the Farmer Field School Still Relevant? Case Studies From Malawi and Indonesia. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Social Life Sciences, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2020.100329.
Vertigans, S. dan Gibson, N. 2019. Resilience and Social Cohesion Through the Rens of Residents in A Kenyan Informal Settlement. Community Development Journal. pp 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsz012.
Westengen, Ola T dan Brysting, Anne K. 2014. Crop Adaptation to Climate Change in the Semi-arid Zone in Tanzania: The Role of Genetic Resources and Sees Systems. Agriculture & Food Security. Melalui https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2048-7010-3-3.
Winarto, Yunita T & Stigter, Kees. 2013. Science Field Shops to Reduce Climate Change Vulnerabilities: An Inter- and Trans-Disciplinary Education Commitment. Collaborative Anthropologies, 6. pp 419-441. https://doi.org/10.1353/cla.2013.0003.
Winarto, Yunita T.; Walker, Sue; Ariefiansyah, Rhino; Prihandiani, Adlianur F.; Taqiuddin, Mohamad & Nugroho, Zefanya C. 2018. Institutionalizing Science Field Shops: Developing Response Farming to Climate Change. GACSA (Global Alliance fo Climate-Smart Agriculture). https://www.fao.org/3/I8454EN/i8454en.pdf.
Woolcock, M. 1998. Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoritical Synthesis and Policy Framework. Theory & Society, 27. pp 151-208. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006884930135.
Yuliawan, T., Handoko, I., 2016. The Effect of the Temperature Rise to Rice Crop Yield in Indonesia Uses Shierary Rice Model with Geographical Information System (GIS) Feature. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33. pp 214-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.072.
Zhai, S. yan, Song, G. xin, Qin, Y. chen, Ye, X. yue, dan Leipnik, M. 2018. Climate Change and Chinese Farmers: Perceptions and Determinants of Adaptive Strategies. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(4). pp 949–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61753-2.