Sustaining Family Functions Across Distance: Experience of Couples in a Long-Distance Marriage Due to Temporary Job Transfers

Abstract

Long-distance marriage (LDM) is increasingly common among couples separated by temporary employment transfers, particularly within vertical government institutions, in Indonesia. Although previous studies have examined marital satisfaction, communication, and the challenges of LDM, less attention has been paid to how geographically separated couples maintain family functions. This study examines how couples experiencing LDM due to temporary job transfers sustain these functions despite geographical separation. Guided by Talcott Parsons’ AGIL framework, the study employed a qualitative approach, drawing on in-depth interviews with 14 participants, including married couples, family members, and external observers, supplemented by document analysis. The findings show that geographical separation does not prevent families from performing their functions but requires adaptive strategies. Religious and socio-cultural functions are maintained through value transmission and family traditions, while affection, protection, and reproductive functions are sustained through communication, emotional intimacy, parental involvement, and planned reunions. Socialization and education involve collaboration among parents, schools, and relatives, whereas economic functions rely on financial responsibility and household financial management. Environmental development functions vary across families. Communication, mutual trust, digital technology, extended-family support, and financial management are key mechanisms enabling these functions. The study extends LDM research by demonstrating how families adapt their functioning to employment-related geographical separation.